In addition, no Kassite anthroponyms and toponyms are recorded in these regions according to the above-mentioned early sources. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. It has also been suggested that the first element in Kudur-Enlil's name is derived from Elamite but that is disputed.[49][50]. Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. A. H. Podany, The Land of Hana: Kings, Chronology, and Scribal Tradition, Bethesda, Md., 2002. It is mostly translated as "Ur of the Chaldeans." The problem with "Chaldeans" is that it is a late word used in the Neo-Babylonian times. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 76, no. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. 14155, Hjlund, Flemming. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. 20, 2010, pp. I. M. Diakonoff and S. M. Kashkai, Geographical Names According to Urartian Texts, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 9, Wiesbaden, 1979. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. (Adaside dynasty1700722 BCE)Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. Many Old Babylonian terms for functionaries do not continue. 17 ff. Volume 1 Kardunia. Midianite - New World Encyclopedia How does violence against the family pet affect the family? [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. The Biblical Garden of Eden Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. The first Jewish king, King Saul, defeated the Ammonites and made them his servants. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. Ancient Orient Museum, Lapis Lazuli fragment with building inscriptions, Kassite, from Iraq. Isin in the Kassite Period". 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. 1, pp. Nearing the end of the letter, the king states that if no archers are sent, then Jerusalem will fall to the Hapiru (same as Apiru). The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. According to Genesis 10, they were the descendants of Heth, son of Canaan, who was the son of Ham, born of Noah (Genesis 10: 1-6). 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. Kassite. [10][11] A few inscribed building materials of Kurigalzu I were found at Kish. Weekly_Study_Questions_4.docx - BIBL 410 WEEKLY STUDY - Course Hero the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, 105(2), 255-257. Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). 409-24. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. The first Kassite dynast who ruled Babylonia was Burnaburia I, the tenth king of the Babylonian King List (Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 467), but the possibility that his predecessor, Agum-kakrime (Agum II), already controlled Babylon cannot be excluded (see Podany, 2002, p. 59). Krishna was at once an incarnation of Vishnu and Shiva. Given that their existence was before Joshua and the Canaan conquest, it is difficult to label these rebels as Hebrews specifically from Egypt. [25] As the Babylonian empire weakened in the following years the Kassites became a part of the landscape, even at times supplying troops for Babylon. The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. 23. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. Once Kassite rulers were finally overthrown, they never regained power. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. 17793, Roaf, Michael. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, were repulsed by Hammurabis son, but secured holdings within the Tigris-Euphrates valley on the northern frontiers of Babylonia and later established the second Babylonian dynasty. Museum, B. Babylonia was next invaded by the Kassites in the period 1550-1169 b.c. The Babylonian empire founded by Hammurabi was overthrown by the Kassites (whose origins are unknown) in 1595 BCE, the conquest following a Hittite invasion that sacked Babylon but did not stay to rule over it.Over the following centuries, the Kassites successfully . The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). Elam is recorded in history at the time of Sagron of Akkad around 2300 BC where it is listed on the Bible Timeline. 4, 1965, pp. Kassite traditions endured mostly in the private and familial spheres (see Heinz, 1995, p. 165). In addition, they had neither cultic nor familial ties with the northern Babylonian temple cities (see Richardson, 2002, pp. 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 45363, Koppen, Frans van. Babylonia under the Kassites: Some Aspects for Consideration". Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Idem, rev. Kraus on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Studia Francisci Scholten memoriae dicata 5, Leiden, 1982, pp. Iggy, your theory is not an uncommon one. Top level: Mesopotamian Gods in symbolic form, second level: animals and deities playing musical instruments (detail), "Unfinished" Kudurru, Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak, 1186-1172 B.C.E., found in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty in the 12th century B.C.E. West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat The Biblical Archaeologist , Vol. The inscription is believed to be between 1400 1200 BCE, right around the time where Israel was in captivity or shortly after leaving captivity. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC (middle chronology). Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. The area they used to inhabit is located. Its about events 700-1000 years later. The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. The chariot and the horse, which the Kassites worshipped, first came into use in Babylonia at this time. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. In the period . (Deuteronomy 12:31 NIV). (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 8, line 46; 9, 41). 14151050 BCE. Moses' Kushite Wife Was Zipporah the Midianite - TheTorah.com The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. The rulers of the successive three post-Kassite dynasties (ca. 163-69). The temple gave people loans, possibly in return for labor, which may have led to a situation of indebtedness. 9, pp. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. Idem, Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period, in G. van Driel, T. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., Zikir umim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. A number of the Amarna Letters are correspondence between the respective rulers (including 14 between the Pharaoh and the Kassite ruler). Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. H. Gasche, J. Just Genesis : Who Were the Horite Hebrew? - Blogger Museum, British. Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." 279-84. Babylon - World History Encyclopedia Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Toronto, Buffalo, and London, 1990. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. Kassite | people | Britannica 131149, 1949, O. R. Gurney, Further Texts from Dur-Kurigalzu, Sumer, vol. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. The Early Kassite Period". "16. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. World History Encyclopedia, 03 Aug 2011. 45-52. While the period of enslavement by the Egyptians meant that the Israelites would certainly not be writing anything down, it did not prevent the Egyptians from documenting certain things. The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. Several members of the ruling family of Ellipi (< Middle Babylonian Ullipi, with attenuation of the initial vowel, according to A. Fuchs apud Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 151b) bore Kassite names. M. Heinz, Migration und Assimilation im 2. 233-42. The Semitic mind of the Bible could see that universality connoted in the phrase 'for many'. "People Praying on Stone: Identity in Kassite Babylonian Seals, ca. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. 1-19. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. Many of the kings were popular rulers who became allies with other city-states within the region. His stele tells of a civil war of sorts and is backed by later Greek sources. The Karun river runs a course of over 500 miles. 229-244, Brinkman, J. Kassites stayed in Babylonia, but their main concentration was the central Zagros northeast of Babylonia, notably in Namri and Bt-Hamban. 112 f.). MacGinnis, J. A. 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? 3, 1979, pp. Kassites held important positions in the state sector as late as Nab-mukn-aplis reign (978-943 BCE). J. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. Please support World History Encyclopedia. 147, Lambert, W. G. The Warwick Kudurru. Syria, vol. The genealogies of the Bible reveal that intermarriage of the ruler-priests lines continued to the time of Jesus. The Kassites were not referenced in the Bible but according to some Christian and Hebrew scholars a king named Cushan-Rishathaim was supposed to have been a Kassite ruler. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach).
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