[61] Isotope analysis shows that woolly mammoths fed mainly on C3 plants, unlike horses and rhinos. The woolly mammoth was herbivorous, consuming the stems and leaves of tundra plants and shrubs. The crowns of the teeth became deeper in height and the skulls became taller to accommodate this. [1] Mammoths derived from M. trogontherii evolved molars with 26 ridges 400,000 years ago in Siberia and became the woolly mammoth. [8] In 1828, the British naturalist Joshua Brookes used the name Mammuthus borealis for woolly mammoth fossils in his collection that he put up for sale, thereby coining a new genus name. Scientists are divided over whether hunting or climate change, which led to the shrinkage of its habitat, was the main factor that contributed to the extinction of the woolly mammoth, or whether it was due to a combination of the two. Two spear throwers shaped as woolly mammoths have been found in France. [88], The woolly mammoth is the third-most depicted animal in ice age art, after horses and bison, and these images were produced between 35,000 and 11,500 years ago. The largest known male tusk is 4.2m (14ft) long and weighs 91kg (201lb), but 2.42.7m (7.98.9ft) and 45kg (99lb) was a more typical size. The former is thought to be the ancestor of later forms. The woolly mammoth chewed its food by using its powerful jaw muscles to move the mandible forwards and close the mouth, then backwards while opening; the sharp enamel ridges thereby cut across each other, grinding the food. [147][148] At the time of discovery, its eyes and trunk were intact and some fur remained on its body. [75] Parasitic flies and protozoa were identified in the gut of the calf "Dima". The other was a fine, short undercoat. [73], Evidence of several different bone diseases has been found in woolly mammoths. ", Our lost explorers: the narrative of the Jeannette Arctic Expedition as related by the survivors, and in the records and last journals of Lieutenant De Long, "Was Frozen Mammoth or Giant Ground Sloth Served for Dinner at The Explorers Club? These features were not present in juveniles, which had convex backs like Asian elephants. A population evolved 1214 ridges, splitting off from and replacing the earlier type, becoming the southern mammoth (M. meridionalis) about 21.7 million years ago. Some cave paintings show woolly mammoths with small or no tusks, but whether this reflected reality or was artistic license is unknown. Description The Woolly Mammoth, worth as much as the Catapult Stroller, was released on October 10, 2020. It was identified as a 35- to 40-year-old male, which had died 35,000 years ago. In October 2000, the careful defrosting operations in this cave began with the use of hair dryers to keep the hair and other soft tissues intact. [1] Woolly mammoths entered North America about 100,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Strait. Sloane's paper was based on travellers' descriptions and a few scattered bones collected in Siberia and Britain. The maturity of this ingested vegetation places the time of death in autumn rather than in spring, when flowers would be expected. [81] The southernmost European remains are from the Depression of Granada in Spain and are of roughly the same age. [26], Since many remains of each species of mammoth are known from several localities, reconstructing the evolutionary history of the genus through morphological studies is possible. The ridges were wear-resistant to enable the animal to chew large quantities of food, which often contained grit. Among many now extinct clades, the mastodon (Mammut) is only a distant relative of the mammoths, and part of the separate family Mammutidae, which diverged 25 million years before the mammoths evolved. Different woolly mammoth populations did not die out simultaneously across their range, but gradually became extinct over time. Free shipping. The age of a mammoth can be roughly determined by counting the growth rings of its tusks when viewed in cross section, but this does not account for its early years, as these are represented by the tips of the tusks, which are usually worn away. [95] A specimen from the Mousterian age of Italy shows evidence of spear hunting by Neanderthals. Size. Similar accumulations of woolly mammoth bones have been found; these are thought to be the result of individuals dying near or in the rivers over thousands of years, and their bones eventually being brought together by the streams. [2][7] Following Cuvier's identification, German naturalist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach gave the woolly mammoth its scientific name, Elephas primigenius, in 1799, placing it in the same genus as the Asian elephant. Is there some way to be sure Im buying a 20,000 year old fossil instead of a 200 year old tooth from an elephant? [114][115], DNA sequencing of remains of two mammoths, one from Siberia 44,800 years BP and one from Wrangel Island 4,300 years BP, indicates two major population crashes: one around 280,000 years ago from which the population recovered, and a second about 12,000 years ago, near the ice age's end, from which it did not. Mammoths are not elephants. The Woolly Mammoth is a limited rare pet that was released in Adopt Me! Other adaptations to cold weather include ears that are far smaller than those of modern elephants; they were about 38cm (15in) long and 1828cm (7.111.0in) across, and the ear of the 6- to 12-month-old frozen calf "Dima" was under 13cm (5.1in) long. A man found a woolly mammoth tooth while on a construction site in the city of Sheldon, Iowa. The study found that half of the ancestry of Columbian mammoths came from relatives of the Krestovka lineage (which probably represented the first mammoths that colonised the Americas) and the other half from the lineage of woolly mammoths, with the hybridisation happening more than 420,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene. Mammoth remains had long been known in Asia before they became known to Europeans in the 17th century. The habitat of the woolly mammoth supported other grazing herbivores such as the woolly rhinoceros, wild horses, and bison. No one would be much interested in the saber-toothed tiger if it were just an unusually big cat. Cox created the auction for the tooth earlier this week on eBay and set the starting bid at $700. [96] The juvenile specimen nicknamed "Yuka" is the first frozen mammoth with evidence of human interaction. What makes this megafauna mammal truly worthy of attention is its huge, curving canines, which measured close to 12 inches in the largest smilodon species. [15] The paralectotype molar (specimen GZG.V.010.018) has since been located in the Gttingen University collection, identified by comparing it with Osborn's illustration of a cast. WEATHER ALERT Winter Weather Advisory Such remains are mostly found above the Arctic Circle, in permafrost. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it comes from an old Vogul word mmot, "earth-horn". [35] Few frozen specimens have preserved genitals, so the sex is usually determined through examination of the skeleton. Differences were noted in genes for a number of aspects of physiology and biology that would be relevant to Arctic survival, including development of skin and hair, storage and metabolism of adipose tissue, and perceiving temperature. 8. The woolly mammoth lived in steppe tundra habitat (also called mammoth steppe, an ecosystem made up of low shrubs, sedges, and grasses), which was widespread across Eurasia and North America during the Pleistocene, but there is some evidence that some populations also inhabited forests of the present-day Midwestern United States. This is your opportunity to own a Woolly Mammoth hair sample from the Ice Age. This is consistent with a previous observation that mice lacking active TRPV3 are likely to spend more time in cooler cage locations than wild-type mice, and have wavier hair. [11] American president Thomas Jefferson, who had a keen interest in palaeontology, was partially responsible for transforming the word "mammoth" from a noun describing the prehistoric elephant to an adjective describing anything of surprisingly large size. [64], In 2012, a juvenile was found in Siberia, which had man-made cut marks. In turn, this species was replaced by the steppe mammoth (M. trogontherii) with 1820 ridges, which evolved in eastern Asia around 1 million years ago. Mammoths were heavier, weighing between 5.4 to 13 tons, with an adult height between 2.5 to four meters at the shoulder. The Woolly Mammoth Tooth specimens on this page come from a variety of locations around the world, including Alaska and the North Sea (also known as Doggerland). [89] A depiction in the Cave of El Castillo may instead show Palaeoloxodon, the "straight-tusked elephant". Elephants are hunted by poachers for their ivory, but if this could instead be supplied by the already extinct mammoths, the demand could instead be met by these. Two alleles were found: a dominant (fully active) and a recessive (partially active) one. Large male The woolly mammoths ears were small, which exposed a smaller amount of surface area and was likely an adaptation to the cold climates in the Northern Hemisphere. [40] In 2019, a group of researchers managed to obtain signs of biological activity after transferring nuclei of "Yuka" into mouse oocytes. An EXTRA LARGE, incredibly preserved Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), an early elephant, molar found in the Dogger Bank, North Sea. The hair comes in a 3" x 4" zip lock bag. Its skull was high and domelike, with large downward-directed curved tusks. How many mammoths lived at one location at a time is unknown, as fossil deposits are often accumulations of individuals that died over long periods of time. The reason for the smaller size is unknown. It may have died of asphyxiation, as indicated by its erect penis. Morphological and genetic studies suggest that woolly mammoths evolved from steppe mammoths (Mammuthus trogontherii) between about 800,000 and 600,000 years ago in Asia. For hundreds of thousands of years, the woolly, northern or Siberian mammoths, were inhabiting the vast permafrost plains of the Arctic. This name is Latin for "the first-born elephant". Add to Wish List. Accumulations of modern elephant remains have been termed "elephants' graveyards", as these sites were erroneously thought to be where old elephants went to die. Both molars were thought lost by the 1980s, and the more complete "Taimyr mammoth" found in Siberia in 1948 was therefore proposed as the neotype specimen in 1990. Males stood between nine and 11 feet high at the shoulder and females were slightly smaller8.5-9.5 feet tall at the shoulder. [24] The team mapped the woolly mammoth's nuclear genome sequence by extracting DNA from the hair follicles of both a 20,000-year-old mammoth retrieved from permafrost and another . According to multiple Anchorage ivory buyers, the wholesale price for mammoth ivory ranges from roughly $50 per pound to $125 per pound. The amount of pigmentation varied from hair to hair and within each hair. The ears and tail were short to minimise frostbite and heat loss. An adult of 6 tons would need to eat 180kg (397lb) daily, and may have foraged as long as 20 hours every day. [182], There have been occasional claims that the woolly mammoth is not extinct and that small, isolated herds might survive in the vast and sparsely inhabited tundra of the Northern Hemisphere. Trade in fossil ivory is legal (and. Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant. [79] A 2014 study concluded that forbs (a group of herbaceous plants) were more important in the steppe-tundra than previously acknowledged, and that it was a primary food source for the ice-age megafauna. The elephant ivory problem. [57], In a 2015 study, high-quality genome sequences from three Asian elephants and two woolly mammoths were compared. A 2019 study found that woolly mammoth ivory was the most suitable bony material for the production of big game projectile points during the Late Plesistocene. Unfused limb bones show that males grew until they reached the age of 40, and females grew until they were 25. Indigenous peoples of Siberia had long found what are now known to be woolly mammoth remains, collecting their tusks for the ivory trade. The first molars were about the size of those of a human 1.3 cm (0.51 in) the third were 15 cm (6 in) 15 cm (5.9 in) long and the sixth were about 30 cm (1 ft) longand weighed 1.8 kg (4 lb). [158][159] By 2015 and using the new CRISPR DNA editing technique, one team, led by George Church, had some woolly mammoth genes edited into the genome of an Asian elephant; focusing on cold-resistance initially,[160] the target genes are for the external ear size, subcutaneous fat, hemoglobin, and hair attributes. Because the species was social and gregarious, creating a few specimens would not be ideal. It is unknown whether the two species were sympatric and lived there simultaneously, or if the woolly mammoths may have entered these southern areas during times when Columbian mammoth populations were absent there. The best indication of sex is the size of the pelvic girdle, since the opening that functions as the birth canal is always wider in females than in males. The "fence post" Bristle found turned out to be a part of a skeleton of a woolly mammoth that roamed the Earth between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. Mammoth species can be identified from the number of enamel ridges (or lamellar plates) on their molars; primitive species had few ridges, and the number increased gradually as new species evolved to feed on more abrasive food items. The French Rouffignac Cave has the most depictions, 159, and some of the drawings are more than 2 metres (6.6ft) in length. The "Yukagir mammoth" had suffered from spondylitis in two vertebrae, and osteomyelitis is known from some specimens. The first recorded use of the word as an adjective was in a description of a wheel of cheese (the "Cheshire Mammoth Cheese") given to Jefferson in 1802. [93][67], Several woolly mammoth specimens show evidence of being butchered by humans, which is indicated by breaks, cut marks, and associated stone tools. [124] The woolly mammoths of eastern Beringia (modern Alaska and Yukon) had similarly died out about 13,300 years ago, soon (roughly 1000 years) after the first appearance of humans in the area, which parallels the fate of all the other late Pleistocene proboscids (mammoths, gomphotheres, and mastodons), as well as most of the rest of the megafauna, of the Americas. [90], "Portable art" can be more accurately dated than cave art since it is found in the same deposits as tools and other ice age artefacts. Medium size "ok" condition teeth routinely go for about $300 Posted September 12, 2011 When the last set of molars was worn out, the animal would be unable to chew and feed, and it would die of starvation. Just like with mammoths, well-preserved specimens have been found in Arctic permafrost. beautiful Fossil Tooth of a Woolly Mammoth! [171], The indigenous peoples of North America used woolly mammoth ivory and bone for tools and art. The "Yukagir mammoth" had ingested plant matter that contained spores of dung fungus. Updates? Weapons made from ivory, such as daggers, spears, and a boomerang, are known. [24] The team mapped the woolly mammoth's nuclear genome sequence by extracting DNA from the hair follicles of both a 20,000-year-old mammoth retrieved from permafrost and another that died 60,000 years ago. World's oldest DNA discovered in 1.2-million-year-old mammoth teeth. [138] While in Yakutsk in 1806, Michael Friedrich Adams heard about the frozen mammoth. The ancestral mammoth (Mammuthus meridionalis) lived in warm tropical forests about 4.8 million years ago and probably had a similar diet to the modern Asian elephant. A Siberian specimen with a spearhead embedded in its shoulder blade shows that a spear had been thrown at it with great force. [163], Some researchers question the ethics of such recreation attempts. The tusks may have been used in intraspecies fighting, such as fights over territory or mates. The resulting calf would have the genes of the woolly mammoth, although its fetal environment would be different. Dated to the Pleistocene, Novi Sad / Donau River / Serbia 2.5 - 1.5 Million years old (Gelasian) It weighed 8-10 tonnes. Woolly mammoths stood about 3 to 3.7 metres (about 10 to 12 feet) tall and weighed between 5,500 and 7,300 kg (between about 6 and 8 tons). Often, such finds were kept secret due to superstition. [22] A 2010 study confirmed these relationships, and suggested the mammoth and Asian elephant lineages diverged 5.87.8 million years ago, while African elephants diverged from an earlier common ancestor 6.68.8 million years ago. . As teeth are replaced, each successive tooth is larger and composed of more plates. Woolly mammoths were the same size as today's African elephants. Root is fully intact - very rare. Soviet palaeontologist Vera Gromova further proposed the former should be considered the lectotype with the latter as paralectotype. These remains and fossils of teeth have allowed scientists to collect and sequence woolly mammoth DNA. Geneticists, led by Harvard Medical School's George Church, aim to bring the woolly mammoth, which disappeared 4,000 years ago, back to life, imagining a future where the tusked ice age giant is . In the remaining part of the tusk, each major line represents a year, and weekly and daily ones can be found in between. Gyk, the 13th-century Khan of the Mongols, is reputed to have sat on a throne made from mammoth ivory. Today, more than 500 depictions of woolly mammoths are known, in media ranging from cave paintings and engravings on the walls of 46 caves in Russia, France, and Spain to engravings and sculptures (termed "portable art") made from ivory, antler, stone and bone. About 1.4 million DNA nucleotide differences were found between mammoths and elephants, which affect the sequence of more than 1,600 proteins. Hair A fur coat in 2 layers, good for cold weather. [87] Fossils of woolly mammoths and Columbian mammoths have been found together in a few localities of North America, including the Hot Springs sinkhole of South Dakota where their regions overlapped. These carcasses are so well preserved that sled dogs have been fed thawed woolly mammoth meat dating to more than 30,000 years ago, and fossil mammothivorywas previously so abundant that it was exported from Siberia to China and Europe frommedievaltimes. Rather than oval as the rest of the trunk, this part was ellipsoidal in cross section, and double the size in diameter. [56], The woolly mammoth was probably the most specialised member of the family Elephantidae. Pres. The largest collection of portable mammoth art, consisting of 62 depictions on 47 plaques, was found in the 1960s at an excavated open-air camp near Gnnersdorf in Germany. One of its shoulder blades was broken, which may have happened when it fell into a crevasse. [125] In contrast, the St. Paul Island mammoth population apparently died out before human arrival because of habitat shrinkage resulting from the post-ice age sea-level rise,[125] perhaps in large measure as a result of a consequent reduction in the freshwater supply. [48], Woolly mammoths had very long tusks (modified incisor teeth), which were more curved than those of modern elephants. To a nooby like me, they look a lot alike. Will findings recreate the woolly mammoth? Woolly mammoths sustained themselves on plant food, mainly grasses and sedges, which were supplemented with herbaceous plants, flowering plants, shrubs, mosses, and tree matter. Only its molars are known, which show that it had 810 enamel ridges. The samples are a thousand times older than Viking remains." The mammoth was not actually a woolly . The group that became extinct earlier stayed in the middle of the high Arctic, while the group with the later extinction had a much wider range. [23], In 2008, much of the woolly mammoth's chromosomal DNA was mapped. HEAVY WOOLLY RHINO tooth 3" Coelodonta antiquitatis mammoth era fossil 23-05. [149] "Lyuba" is believed to have been suffocated by mud in a river that its herd was crossing. The analysis showed that the woolly mammoth and the African elephant are 98.55% to 99.40% identical. Such meat apparently was once recommended against illness in China, and Siberian natives have occasionally cooked the meat of frozen carcasses they discovered. Natural traps, such as kettle holes, sink holes, and mud, have trapped mammoths in separate events over time. [143], In 1997, a piece of mammoth tusk was discovered protruding from the tundra of the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Woolly mammoths were largely extinct by about 10,000 years ago, due to the pressures of a warming climate (which reduced the habitat of these cold-adapted mammals) combined with hunting by humans. Mammoths, on the other hand, had ridged teethideal for grazing and grinding tough grasses into small bits, like modern elephants. A mammoth had six sets of molars throughout a lifetime, which were replaced five times, though a few specimens with a seventh set are known. Adams recovered the entire skeleton, apart from the tusks, which Shumachov had already sold, and one foreleg, most of the skin, and nearly 18kg (40lb) of hair. The tooth measures 11 . [109] The last population known from fossils remained on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean until 4,000 years ago, well into the start of human civilization and concurrent with the construction of the Great Pyramid of ancient Egypt. It was used for manipulating objects, and in social interactions. [78], Modern humans co-existed with woolly mammoths during the Upper Palaeolithic period when the humans entered Europe from Africa between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago. The mammoth was identified as an extinct species of elephant by Georges Cuvier in 1796. Elephant tusks are mostly made up of dentine - the same material that makes up human teeth. "Complete Columbian mammoth mitogenome suggests interbreeding with woolly mammoths", "Million-year-old DNA sheds light on the genomic history of mammoths", "Million-year-old mammoth genomes shatter record for oldest ancient DNA", "Collection of radiocarbon dates on the mammoths (, "Nuclear Gene Indicates Coat-Color Polymorphism in Mammoths", "Megafaunal split ends: microscopical characterisation of hair structure and function in extinct woolly mammoth and woolly rhino", "Elephantid genomes reveal the molecular bases of Woolly Mammoth adaptations to the arctic", "Mammoth Genomes Provide Recipe for Creating Arctic Elephants", "Signals of positive selection in mitochondrial proteincoding genes of woolly mammoth: Adaptation to extreme environments? [72], In 2007, the carcass of a female calf nicknamed "Lyuba" was discovered near the Yuribey River, where it had been buried for 41,800 years. [63] The faecal matter may have been eaten by "Lyuba" to promote development of the intestinal microbes necessary for digestion of vegetation, as is the case in modern elephants. [32], In 2021, DNA older than a million years was sequenced for the first time, from two mammoth teeth of Early Pleistocene age found in eastern Siberia. How much does a wooly mammoth tooth cost? The expansion could be used to melt snow if a shortage of water to drink existed, as melting it directly inside the mouth could disturb the thermal balance of the animal. He discussed the question of whether or not the remains were from elephants, but drew no conclusions. Tusk growth continued throughout life, but became slower as the animal reached adulthood. The hairs on the upper leg were up to 38cm (15in) long, and those of the feet were 15cm (5.9in) long, reaching the toes. (2001). The closest known relatives of the Proboscidea are the sirenians (dugongs and manatees) and the hyraxes (an order of small, herbivorous mammals). This environment stretched across northern Asia, many parts of Europe, and the northern part of North America during the last ice age. Scientific evidence suggests that small populations of woolly mammoths may have survived in mainland North America until between 10,500 and 7,600 years ago. The company asked Tiffany Adrain, a paleontology repository instructor at the University of Iowa, to examine the find. [74] An abnormal number of cervical vertebrae has been found in 33% of specimens from the North Sea region, probably due to inbreeding in a declining population. Modern elephants have much less hair, though juveniles have a more extensive covering of hair than adults. [103] Most populations disappeared between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago. They were thought to be remains of modern elephants that had been brought to Europe during the Roman Republic, for example the war elephants of Hannibal and Pyrrhus of Epirus, or animals that had wandered north. Published March 17, 2022 Updated on March 17, 2022 at 3:31 pm. He could not explain why a tropical animal would be found in such a cold area as Siberia, and suggested that they might have been transported there by the Great Flood. We offer genuine mammoth tusks, chunks and pieces of the prehistoric ivory and bone from Alaska, the Yukon and Siberia. The woolly mammoth was roughly the same size as modern African elephants. [137] In more recent years, scientific expeditions have been devoted to finding carcasses instead of relying solely on chance encounters. Adult woolly mammoths could effectively defend themselves from predators with their tusks, trunks and size, but juveniles and weakened adults were vulnerable to pack hunters such as wolves, cave hyenas, and large felines. It was similar to the grassy steppes of modern Russia, but the flora was more diverse, abundant, and grew faster. Impressive 10 Pound (4.7 KG) Woolly Mammoth Fossil Tooth Found In Siberia $1,400.00 Free shipping or Best Offer 2 Big Woolly Rhinoceros Fossil Tooth + Roots Omsk Siberia Pleistocene Ice Age Kk $119.00 $14.95 shipping or Best Offer 22" Fossil Woolly Mammoth Tibia Bone 13lb Authentic Ancient Pre-historic OLD $609.99 or Best Offer 20 watching [133], In 1977, the well-preserved carcass of a seven- to eight-month-old woolly mammoth calf named "Dima" was discovered. A woolly mammoth tooth weighs about 2.5 kilograms. To be able to process the ivory, the large tusks had to be chopped, chiseled, and split into smaller, more manageable pieces. Woolly mammoths had broad flaps of skin under their tails which covered the anus; this is also seen in modern elephants. [104][105], A small population of woolly mammoths survived on St. Paul Island, Alaska, well into the Holocene[106][107][108] with the most recently published date of extinction being 5,600 years B.P. Mastodons usually didn't grow to be over 10 ft tall, and they weighed between 4 to 6 tons. [122] It has been proposed that these changes are consistent with the concept of genomic meltdown;[121] however, the sudden disappearance of an apparently stable population may be more consistent with a catastrophic event, possibly related to climate (such as icing of the snowpack) or a human hunting expedition. [82][83] DNA studies have helped determine the phylogeography of the woolly mammoth. where was glenn b anderson born; where did the raiders name come from; how to wire 3 phase. Few specimens show direct, unambiguous evidence of having been hunted by humans. [77], The habitat of the woolly mammoth is known as "mammoth steppe" or "tundra steppe". A newborn calf would have weighed about 90kg (200lb). .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.1em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, Palaeoloxodon (straight-tusked elephants), Within six weeks from 2005-2006, three teams of researchers independently assembled mitochondrial genome profiles of the woolly mammoth from ancient DNA, which allowed them to confirm the close evolutionary relationship between mammoths and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
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