- , , 13 February 2017, https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3218170, [7] . , : , , 12 February 2014, http://www.finmarket.ru/life/txt.asp?id=3627907, [8] . , : 5 , https://pravoirk.ru/archives/5900. Answers and Views: Answer by kapn Organisations involved in defending prisoners rights and criticising the actions of the states law enforcement agencies operate under constant pressure and are aware that they may become subject to inspections and repressions at any time (this is why Olga Romanova, the leader of Rus Sidyashchaya, had to leave the country). Some women wear a headscarf to cover their head and hair, while others wear a burka or . It must also have an edging ribbon. But Ms Linde told the Aftonbladet newspaper that she was not willing to break Iranian law. The Republic of Mordovia is a special case, because it hosts a large number of penal colonies within a relatively small territory. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of political prisoners, which was mainly connected with the annexation of Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war a large number of Crimean Tatars and Ukrainians accused of extremism have recently been incarcerated in remand centres and penal colonies on political charges. The geographical location of penal colonies is linked to the concept of economic development adopted back in Soviet times, when prisoners were used as forced labour, such as during the construction of large-scale investments carried out by the Soviet state including the White SeaBaltic Canal and the BaikalAmur Mainline (BAM), as well as in forestry in harsh weather conditions in Karelia, for instance. This ranks Russia first in Europe when it comes to prison system spending in absolute numbers[21]. Russian women (and many others) sometimes wear headscarves to protect long hair during travelling or dirty work. The Russian headscarf is a bright and warm accessory that goes equally well with a classic outfit, an ethno or boho chic look, and that can be used to add a feminine flourish to sportier styles. The bans have been met with public protests. 4. Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov, who then held the post of the republic's prime minister, publicly stated that Chechen women should not be seen with. The Federal Penitentiary Service is a powerful financial machine. Manny reasons. "Earlier, jingly jewellery was attached to girls' braids. Women in the Swedish government "should have condemned an equally unfair situation in Iran," Ms Alinejad posted to My Stealthy Freedom, a popular Facebook page she runs that encourages Iranian women to post pictures of themselves without the hijab. and our During the Russian Revolution and Civil War, a simple red or scarlet headscarf was worn by female commissars and other women who identified with . German boxer Zeina Nassar has fought to wear the hijab in the ring. The reason behind the high number of prisoners in Russia is the repressive nature of the Russian judiciary as a whole. Headscarves may be worn for a variety of purposes, such as protection of the head or hair from rain, wind, dirt, cold, warmth, for sanitation, for fashion, recognition or social distinction; with religious significance, to hide baldness, out of modesty, or other forms of social convention. It is neither sewn nor knitted, but woven using fine silk, sometimes with the addition of folk designs. This places Russia first in Europe in terms of the number of prisoners per 100000 inhabitants. While an ordinary kaz scarf has a fringe sewn on at one end, the wedding scarf has fringes on both ends. Most recent amendments to the penal code have toughened the penalties[4]. This kind of weaving first developed in Ossetia in the late 19th century and remains to this day. The process of making such a scarf is highly labor intensive, so they remain very expensive, costing 20-50,000 rubles ($270-$700). Among the most alarming statistics regarding the Russian prison system is the high rate of recidivism. Most often, prisoner transport is organised in special windowless railroad carriages known as Stolypin cars, in which prisoners in groups of ten are transported in compartments measuring 3.4 m2. The conditions in which the prisoners serve their sentences depend on the type of the specific penal colony. The Keffiyeh is commonly used by Muslim men. Despite this, over the last couple of years the mortality rate among Russias prisoners has declined, Respect for human rights in Russian prisons is the subject of country-wide debates. Figures compiled by the Investigative Committee for 2015 show that acquittals accounted for a mere 0.4% of court rulings. "There's a reason why the (head)scarf has transcended time," said Lynn Roberts, vice president of advertising and public relations at fashion outfitter Echo Design Group, over the phone from New York City. This way of wearing a headscarf is considered traditional for women in the southern parts of Russia. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. In these regions, the role of FSIN is particularly significant. The patterns are symmetrical and have a standard shape. The women of the Dagestan village of Kubachi still wear white kaz shawls embroidered with gold thread. This is how women belonging to the merchant class wore their headscarves, so it is not surprising that this style was known as "the merchants way.". The scarf is placed on the head, its ends crossed under the chin, tied around the necks and tucked under the collar. Other factors include the closing of a significant number of penal colonies with the least strict regime (over the last eight years almost a quarter of the total number of such colonies were closed down), The reason behind the high number of prisoners in Russia is the repressive nature of the Russian judiciary as a whole. In the first seven months of 2018 alone, the Russian press revealed 24 cases of torture in prisons[14]. Human rights defenders claim that the health statistics are not credible because most cases of prisoners falling ill are not reported[13]. Ulyukaevs trial was inspired by Igor Sechin, the CEO of Rosneft, and was intended to intimidate the more liberal portion of the apparatus of power and demonstrate the rising importance of Sechin himself. Pavlovsky Posad shawls have very bright and easily recognizable patterns: huge roses and dahlias on a red, black or white background that flower from the corners of a woolen fabric. They donned bobbed hairdos, participated in sports and fitness, and covered their hair while riding in new convertible automobiles, according to fashion historian Sarah C. Byrd. The scale of this unregistered output is extremely difficult to assess. There is no indication that in the upcoming years the practice of using imprisonment as a handy tool for removing rebellious citizens, as well as political and business rivals, will be curbed. Day 347 of the war, Russia: threats and offers of energy cooperation, Russia: regional (pseudo)elections in the shadow of war, Extremely cautious. This small historic city in the Tver Region is famous for the ancient art of gold embroidery. Initially , even in pagan times in Russia, women covered head in order to save themselves from the cold in a harsh climate . In the first seven months of 2018 alone, the Russian press revealed 24 cases of torture in prisons, Administration of the prison system and supervision of the thousands of inmates is the task of the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) which employs 325,000 individuals, The Federal Penitentiary Service is a powerful financial machine. Due to the fact that most penal colonies are located far from densely populated areas, inmates held there are deprived of regular contact with their families and lawyers and need to be transported over long distances, which was assessed negatively by the European Court of Human Rights and other bodies[10]. This way of wearing a headscarf is ideal for any hairstyle with braids. Imprisonment as a tool of political repression. Even though some proponents of the hijab ban have been described as supporters of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), women with favorable attitudes toward India's ruling party are actually more inclined to wear head coverings in public than women who do not favor the governing party. Pavlovsky Posad shawls are very reasonably priced at just 1,500-4,000 rubles ($20-$40), but they last for many years, offer good protection against the cold and always look fashionable. The officers receive room, board and other benefits offered to employees of uniformed services (including easier access to health care and the opportunity to take part in the beauty contest knows as Miss FSIN). In most prisons, the state of repair and the overcrowding make it difficult for the inmates to maintain basic hygiene. In recent months, Russian media reported extensively on the affluent life in a penal colony in Amur Oblast of a prisoner sentenced for the gravest crimes, and published eye witness accounts and photos of the individual. In recent years, it has become increasingly popular, Most often, prisoner transport is organised in special windowless railroad carriages known as Stolypin cars, in which prisoners in groups of ten are transported in compartments measuring 3.4 m, The conditions in which the prisoners serve their sentences depend on the type of the specific penal colony. The absence of supervision of what happens in prisons by independent institutions aggravates the repressive nature of the system as a whole and affords new opportunities for using it as a tool of political repression[32]. In Turkic, the name of the scarf means "my flower." Hollywood starlets including Anna Mae Wong and Evelyn Brent were captured on and off the screen with sophisticated silk wraps or more bohemian scarves that were worn wide across their foreheads. In reality, Black and mixed women had already been wrapping their hair as a marker of an identity separate from the mainstream," said Jonathan Michael Square, a scholar of fashion and visual culture in the African diaspora at Harvard University. Employment with the FSIN is linked to various non-salary benefits. Amnesty International emphasises that repression and persecution of human rights defenders, restrictions on freedom of expression, cultural freedoms and minority rights are particularly common[26]. Few accessories have lived as complicated a life as the headscarf. The Republic of Mordovia is a special case, because it hosts a large number of penal colonies within a relatively small territory. cit. The image of Ms Lovin was widely seen as mocking a picture of Donald Trump signing an anti-abortion executive order surrounded by male aides and advisers. It is customary for the women of Kubachi to pass fringes down through the family and to resew fringes to new shawls multiple times. As a consequence, due to tough competition in many locations it not easy to find employment in the prison system. Cookie Notice In Soviet times, the local lace making factory made tablecloths and wraps depicting the Lenin Mausoleum and the hammer and sickle. , Life.ru, 10 July 2017, https://life.ru/t/%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5/1024540/smiert_za_rieshiotkoi_ot_chiegho_umiraiut_rossiiskiie_zeki, [14] 2018 . In recent history, conversations about the headscarf have often centered on its use in Islam and the prejudice Muslim women have faced. Machine knitting makes a scarf less refined. [21] . , . , . , , , 14 March 2017, https://www.rbc.ru/newspaper/2017/03/15/58c702399a79473b36f47d9c, [22] 50 , 18 October 2016, https://rns.online/economy/FSIN-otsenil-godovie-dohodi-ot-proizvodstva-v-tyurmah-v-50-mlrd-rublei--2016-10-18/. For this reason, this breed is known for its protectiveness, fearlessness, and sheer power. ?, https://meduza.io/feature/2018/12/14/vizhu-novosti-pro-istoricheskiy-minimum-zaklyuchennyh-v-rossii-eto-iz-za-zakona-den-za-poltora-kolonii-massovo-zakryvayut, [3] . , , www.kipkr.fsin.su/upload/territory/Kipkr/mtb/ .pdfa, [5] Cf . , . , . , , , 15 March 2017, https://www.rbc.ru/newspaper/2017/03/15/58c702399a79473b36f47d9c, [6] . Click here to find out more. Here's the headscarf from Pavlovsky Posad. In the 1960s, the headscarf became a go-to among political counterculture and experimental fashion movements, from geometric Mod styles to agragrian bohemian looks. The versatile fabric has been chosen by and impressed upon people for political, religious and practical purposes for centuries. Why can Russia not admit that the real reason for invading Ukraine is to prevent revolution in Russia when a flourishing westernized modern democratic ukrainian government proves that Russian Putlerocracy is a complete failure? Russia is among the countries with the highest number of prisoners. In terms of the number of prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants, Russia is ranked first in Europe and 17, The decrease in the number of inmates has mainly been linked to the fact that the courts pronounce prison sentences for minor crimes less frequently and tend to apply other penalties (such as non-custodial sentences or community service). Among the most alarming statistics regarding the Russian prison system is the high rate of recidivism. From rainbow to gray: The evolution of hair dye, "There is this underlying idea of having your head covered as a way of symbolizing being a respectable person," said fashion and textile historian Nancy Deihl of New York University in a phone interview. Most recent amendments to the penal code have toughened the penalties[4]. There are regions in the Republic of Mordovia, the Komi Republic and Chuvashia, where work performed by prisoners and individuals employed by the FSIN accounts for a major portion of the local labour market, Prior to the court pronouncing their sentence, the suspects are held in remand centres. Most prison manufacturing plants deal with textile and timber production. The supervisors of penal colonies value their peace of mind (which is guaranteed when there are no protests and complaints to the public prosecutors office). Former prominent politicians, such as Alexei Ulyukaev, former minister of economic development, are now incarcerated in penal colonies. This website uses cookies. A headscarf on the woman's head symbolises diligence. How many people died and were injured in the Russian Revolution? Moreover, the shawls are knitted either entirely by hand, just like they were 300 years ago, or sometimes partially by hand with certain designs executed on a knitting machine. "The law shows that there was a lot of anxiety around Black people styling their bodies. Their versatility all has to do with the local breed of goat whose down is extremely fine while also being strong. Muslim women athletes and women's rights activists. Orenburg goats are only bred in this region, and nowadays shawls from their wool are produced by just two manufacturing plants. Read about our approach to external linking. Vologda is famous for its bobbin lace. A social movement and a number of non-governmental organisations have formed around the issue of defence of prisoners rights. The ban. [20] . , , https://csr.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171017_Report-Prisons.pdf, p. 22. Shawls from goat down knitted in Orenburg are regarded as one Russias most famous symbols, right along with Matryoshka dolls and the balalaika. In 2018, organizers staged a protest in France after a mother was banned from a school trip for wearing a hijab. The headscarf was born out of necessity, with wearers across Mesopotamian societies using linens to safeguard their heads from the rain and sun, as well as aid in sanitation. In different regions of Dagestan this scarf has different names and is variously called gumeldi, gulmendo, gormendo, kalgai (the old name of a type of silk) and kelagai. The Russian governments determination as regards this issue is linked to the fact that show trials of Ukrainian activists are intended to deter the residents of Crimea from demonstrating their loyalty towards Ukraine. But a great variety of scarves were produced in Russia as well. He offered bribes to prison guards, which enabled him to use rooms intended for staff only, order caviar to his cell, made shashliks and used private health care[29]. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. "For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God, but woman is the glory of man.". Failure to meet production targets often results in restrictions on visits, compulsory physical exercise and, most importantly, a refusal to be granted early release from prison. 6 near Omsk: a conflict involving 150 individuals resulted in clashes in which four individuals were injured and taken to hospital[18]. Even today, the largest number of penal colonies is located in regions that are rich in natural resources (mainly forests), such as Krasnoyarsk Krai and Perm Krai, or in highly industrialised ones, such as Sverdlovsk Oblast, Kemerovo Oblast and Primorsky Krai. Celebrities including Rihanna, Bella Hadid and Hailey Baldwin are fans of the style. Do you know Boris Kustodiev's painting "The Merchant's Wife at Tea? Political systems, geography and ethnicity also play a crucial role in how and if women choose to cover their heads. A head wear was a symbol of integrity. Click here to find out more. Orenburg down-hair shawl. Prisoners can be restricted from wearing their own clothes by the prison based on the prison order or occupational safety. Trade Minister Ann Linde led a business delegation last week, Sweden has declared itself the world's first feminist government, EU foreign affairs chief Federica Mogherini also wore a headscarf during a visit to Tehran in April last year, Ann Linde signs documents with Iran's vice-president for women and family affairs, Shahindokht Molaverdi, Michelle Obama was in Saudi Arabia in January 2015, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, Street fighting in Bakhmut but Russia not in control, Everything Everywhere wins big ahead of Oscars, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Mbappe breaks PSG goal record in win over Nantes, Alex Murdaugh's legal troubles are far from over, PM to end asylum claims from small boat arrivals. In 2013, Nazma Khan founded World Hijab Day -- a day for both Muslim and non-Muslim women to experience wearing a headscarf. Modesty, faith, respect and identity are some of the reasons for covering. Vory v zakone ( , literally: thieves in law which in free translation means criminals of honour) are at the top of this hierarchy. It has increased over recent years[31] and is proof of the inefficiency of the prison system as a whole. "The headscarf helps to control that.". The ban applies to teachers, lawyers (ibid. At the same time, it impacts the process of how shared norms and values are being formed in Russian society, in connection with societys frequent contact with the so-called prison culture. When asked about the possible reform of the FSIN in connection with the reports on prisoners being tortured, he answered that it would be necessary to make the prison system more efficient but that no thorough changes are needed. As early as the 1910s French fashion houses were dreaming up designs that included colorful, embellished scarves on the head. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Share. According to Olga Romanova, a well-connected criminal is able to arrange comfortable living conditions in prison for himself using a network of his accomplices remaining at large. Here are the most famous ones. Most facilities were built before 1970 and a large portion of them date back to tsarist times. The geographical location of penal colonies is linked to the concept of economic development adopted back in Soviet times, when prisoners were used as forced labour, such as during the construction of large-scale investments carried out by the Soviet state including the White SeaBaltic Canal and the BaikalAmur Mainline (BAM), as well as in forestry in harsh weather conditions in Karelia, for instance. There are regions in the Republic of Mordovia, the Komi Republic and Chuvashia, where work performed by prisoners and individuals employed by the FSIN accounts for a major portion of the local labour market[7]. Essentially, they are silk scarves with printed patterns. Throughout history, the headscarf has sat atop the heads of culture defining women -- and men -- from monarchs including Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II to the daring flappers of the 1920s. ; HRW 16 Nov. 2005), parliamentarians and others working on state premises (ibid.). I think the original intention was maybe to not get your long hair burnt by candles' fire in the church - and the ortodox churches still require women to cover their hair when entering. After he exposed cases of torture in his penal colony, he was taken to another location to serve the rest of his sentence and his transfer lasted one month. Conservative, rebellious, culture-defining: A brief history of the headscarf.
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